What is a fastener? Types, uses and applications explained

At Lesjöfors, we've been manufacturing precision components for over 170 years, supplying some of the world's most demanding industries. In this guide, we break down what fasteners are, the main types, their applications, and how to choose the right one.

What is a fastener?

A simple fastener definition is a component used to join materials together securely. They are used across a range of industries and can be either permanent or removable.

Fasteners are sometimes referred to as fixings, though the two terms are not always interchangeable. Fixings typically describe components used to attach materials to a structure or surface, such as anchors secured into concrete, while fasteners more broadly describe any component that joins parts together.

What is the difference between permanent and non-permanent fasteners?

All types of fasteners are designed to hold materials together, but they can be permanent and non-permanent. Permanent options, such as rivets, create fixed joints that are not designed to be disassembled. Non-permanent variants, such as bolts and screws, can be removed and reused without damage.

Here is a closer look at the most common fastener types.

Threaded fasteners

Threaded fasteners include nuts and bolts. Bolts, nuts, and screws use external and internal threads to create adjustable, secure connections. They are adjustable and can be tightened, removed, or replaced as needed. 

Permanent fasteners

Permanent rivets and clinch fasteners create long-lasting joints where disassembly is not usually required.

Washers and rings

Washers, wave washers, and locking rings work alongside primary fasteners to distribute load, maintain tension, and prevent loosening. Spring-action variants are particularly effective in assemblies subject to vibration or movement.

Anchoring fasteners

Anchors and fixing components are used to secure materials to masonry, concrete, or structural surfaces. Common examples include wall anchors, concrete screws, and expansion bolts.

 

Fastener applications

Fasteners are fundamental to how products last and perform in service. You’ll find them across a range of industries where secure connections are essential.

• In the automotive industry, fasteners hold engine components, body assemblies, and drivetrain parts together through continuous vibration, heat, and mechanical stress.
• In aerospace, they secure structural panels and critical systems where both weight and reliability are non-negotiable.
• Industrial fasteners keep components aligned and secure under sustained load and movement.
• In electronics, these components are used in miniaturised assemblies where tolerances are tight and material compatibility is critical.
• In the energy sector, fasteners must perform reliably in harsh, often corrosive environments over extended service lives.

Common materials used for fasteners

Fasteners are typically manufactured from steel, stainless steel, brass, aluminum, or plastic, each offering a different balance of properties to suit specific applications.

• Steel is the most widely used option, offering high strength and durability at low cost. It’s the default choice for general engineering and heavy load applications.
• Stainless steel provides superior corrosion resistance, making it the preferred material in marine, food processing, and outdoor environments.
• Brass is valued for its electrical conductivity and resistance to corrosion, and is commonly used in electronics and plumbing applications.
• Aluminum offers a lightweight alternative where weight is a critical factor, such as in aerospace and automotive assemblies.
• Plastic variants are used where electrical insulation, chemical resistance, or weight reduction are the primary requirements.

Material selection ultimately depends on the combination of load requirements, environmental conditions, and whether corrosion resistance is needed. Materials and performance are governed by internationally recognised standards. 

The ASTM publishes a comprehensive set of fastener standards covering material specifications, mechanical properties, and testing requirements.

 

How do you choose the right fastener?

Choosing the right fastener depends on several factors. Material compatibility is an important consideration – stainless steel, for example, performs well in corrosive environments where standard steel would degrade. Load requirements and strength will also influence your decision. Bolts are a common choice in heavy load applications due to their clamping strength and adjustability.

Access for assembly is another practical factor. Where access is restricted or disassembly is unlikely to be needed, a permanent option such as a rivet may be the better option. Where future maintenance or replacement is a consideration, a threaded component offers the flexibility to remove and reattach components without damage.

Fastening components from Lesjöfors

At Lesjöfors, we manufacture a comprehensive range of precision pressings and fastening components, including circlips and locking rings, wave washers, and stamped rings. We stock an extensive range of sizes, materials, and load ratings to suit most applications.

For specialist requirements, our engineers can deliver a custom fastening solution to meet your exact specifications. We also manufacture bushings for applications where load distribution and wear resistance are a priority.

Explore our full range of pressings or get in touch with our engineering team today.